This joint OECD/AFD publication includes 140 country notes summarising diaspora sizes, the characteristics of emigrant populations (gender, age, etc.); the numbers and main destinations of international students; recent migrant flows to OECD countries; and more.
Les inégalités entre hommes et femmes se retrouvent dans tous les domaines de la vie économique et représentent une importante perte de richesse potentielle en termes de productivité et de niveau de vie, pour les intéressées elles-mêmes et pour l'ensemble de l'économie. Ce nouveau rapport de l'OCDE examine comment réduire au mieux les inégalités entre les sexes selon quatre axes : 1) les normes sociales et les politiques publiques ; 2) l'éducation ; 3) l'emploi ; et 4) l'entrepreneuriat.
This publication analyses recent development in migration movements and policies in OECD countries and some non member countries including migration of highly qualified and low qualified workers, temporary and permanent, as well as students. This edition also contains two special chapters on topical issues: fiscal impact of migration and discrimination.
Resultats du PISA 2009, Volume II: Surmonter le milieu social : L'égalité des chances et l'équité du rendement de l'apprentissage, analyse comment les systèmes d'éducation performants parviennent à atténuer l'impact du milieu socio-économique et de l'ascendance allochtone sur la performance des élèves et des établissements.
Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training designed to help countries make their Vocational Education and Training (VET)... Systems more responsive to labour market needs. It expands the evidence base, identifies a set of policy options and develops tools to appraise VET policy initiatives.Table of Content :ForewordLearning for Jobs - Summary and policy messagesChapter 1. The vocational challengeChapter 2. Meeting labour market needsChapter 3. Career guidanceChapter 4. Effective teachers and trainersChapter 5. Workplace learningChapter 6. Tools to support the systemAnnex A. National VET centres in OECD countriesAnnex B. Summary assessments and policy recommendations for reviewed countriesGlossary
This book analyses systemic innovation in education by looking at the ways in which educational systems encourage innovation, the knowledge base and processes used, and the procedures and criteria used to assess progress and evaluate outcomes. It draws on findings from 14 case studies in Vocational Education and Training in six OECD countries: Australia, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Mexico and Switzerland. The resulting analysis helps us understand how we can support and sustain innovation in educational systems in the VET sector.
Innovation is crucial to long-term economic growth, even more so in the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis. In this volume, the OECD and the World Bank jointly take stock of how globalisation is posing new challenges for innovation and growth in both developed and developing countries, and how countries are coping with them. The authors discuss options for policy initiatives that can foster technological innovation in the pursuit of faster and sustainable growth.
The various chapters highlight how the emergence of an integrated global market affects the impact of national innovation policy. What seemed like effective innovation strategies (e.g. policies designed to strengthen the R&D capacity of domestic firms) are no longer sufficient for effective catch-up. The more open and global nature of innovation makes innovation policies more difficult to design and implement at the national scale alone. These challenges are further complicated by new phenomena, such as global value chains and the fragmentation of production, the growing role of global corporations, and the ICT revolution. Where and why a global corporation chooses to anchor its production affects the playing field for OECD and developing economies alike.
Selected as a 2009 Notable Document by the American Library Association Government Documents Round Table.
Cet ouvrage analyse un large éventail de mesures existantes: les politiques de réforme des systèmes de fiscalité/prestations, les politiques de gestion des systèmes de garde des enfants, ainsi que les politiques de l'emploi et les pratiques professionnelles des entreprises. Il montre comment ces mesures orientent le comportement des parents sur le marché du travail actuel et à plus long terme et en quoi elles peuvent avoir des répercussions sur le développement de la famille. Ce volume traite du Canada (notamment de la Province de Québec), de la Finlande, du Royaume-Uni et de la Suède et analyse un large éventail de mesures des politiques en faveur de la réconciliation entre vie professionnelle et vie familiale dans les quatre pays en question.
Cet ouvrage fait partie de la série Bébés et Employeurs parue en 2002 et qui concernait l'Australie, le Danemark, et les Pays-Bas ; suivi du second volume publié en 2003 sur l'Autriche, l'Irlande et le Japon, et du troisième volume publié en 2004 sur la Nouvelle-Zélande, le Portugal et la Suisse. Un rapport de synthèse paraîtra plus tard en 2005 : il présentera des indicateurs clés sur les politiques en faveur des familles.
On the occasion of the 60 anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, this special issue of the OECD Journal on Development focuses on robust methods and tools for assessing human rights, democracy and governance. These findings of the Metagora project formulate a response to these questions.
Metagora is the first international project on measuring human rights and democratic governance to undertake several pilot experiences in different regions of the world in an interactive fashion. This publication presents key results, policy relevance and methodological implications of these experiences. It illustrates the feasibility and usefulness of measuring human rights and democratic governance with combined quantitative and qualitative approaches. It provides decision makers, policy actors, analysts and civil society with first-hand materials and selected examples on how statistics and indicators can be created and used in this field.
This publication also presents a wealth of global lessons from the Metagora experiences. These include the need for involving a wide range of institutions and actors -- such as human rights institutions, research centres, national statistical offices and civil society organisations -- in the measurement and assessment processes. Metagora's findings and lessons constitute a substantive and innovative contribution which usefully complements ongoing work by leading international organisations on governance and human rights indicators.
Cette publication analyse les tendances récentes des mouvements et des politiques migratoires dans les pays de l'OCDE et dans quelques pays non-membres. Elle couvre les migrations de travail, qu´il s´agisse des travailleurs hautement qualifiés et de ceux moins qualifiés, des travailleurs temporaires et des travailleurs permanent, aussi bien que des étudiants. Trois chapîtres speciaux figurent aussi dans cette publication : un sur le cinquantième anniversaire de l´OCDE et l´apport du SOPEMI dans le domaine des migrations internationales, un autre sur l´entreprenariat des immigrés, et un troisième sur les migrations en Israël.
Every person aspires to a good life. But what does «a good or a better life» mean? The second edition of How's Life? provides an update on the most important aspects that shape people's lives and well-being: income, jobs, housing, health, work-life balance, education, social connections, civic engagement and governance, environment, personal security and subjective well-being. It paints a comprehensive picture of well-being in OECD countries and other major economies, by looking at people's material living conditions and quality of life across the population. Through a wide range of comparable well-being indicators, the report shows that countries perform differently in the various dimensions of well-being. For instance, low-income countries in the OECD area tend to do very well in subjective well-being and work-life balance, while their level of material well-being is much lower than that of other OECD countries. The report responds to the needs of citizens for better information on well-being and the needs of policy makers to give a more accurate picture of societal progress.
Public institutions play a critical role in promoting gender-sensitive policies and gender equality more broadly, in the MENA region and around the world. Advancing gender balance in public institutions and public life more generally, including the judiciary, parliaments, and the political executive constitutes a major step towards gender-responsive policies and non-discrimination and serves as a key milestone in promoting gender equality. This report provides a comparative overview of the policies affecting women's participation in public life across the MENA region. It examines the existing barriers to women's access to public decision-making positions, and provides a cross-country assessment of current instruments and institutions to advance women's empowerment in the MENA region. The report undertakes an analysis of the existing legal barriers for gender equality in public life, including with regard to political and economic rights, freedom of movement, labour law, family law, access to justice and gender-based violence and provides focused policy-recommendations to close legal and institutional gaps.
Alcoholic beverages, and their harmful use, have been familiar fixtures in human societies since the beginning of recorded history. Worldwide, alcohol is a leading cause of ill health and premature mortality. It accounts for 1 in 17 deaths, and for an even larger proportion of disabilities, especially in men. In OECD countries, alcohol consumption is about twice the world average. Its social costs are estimated in excess of 1% of GNP in high- and middle-income countries. Alcohol use is the result of individual choices, driven by social norms, with strong cultural connotations. This is reflected in unique patterns of social disparity in drinking, showing the well-to-do in some cases more prone to hazardous use of alcohol, and a polarisation of problem-drinking at the two ends of the social spectrum. Certain patterns of drinking have social impacts, which provide a strong economic rationale for governments to influence the use of alcohol through policies aimed at curbing harms, especially those occurring to people other than drinkers.
More than three million individuals who were born in Germany lived in another OECD country in 2010/11. To assess the potential that this group represents for the German labour market, this review establishes the distribution of German emigrants over OECD countries, as well as their age, sex, and educational attainment. Shifts in the German diaspora towards European destination countries and higher educational attainment are documented. The largest German diaspora still resides in the United States, but the diaspora in Switzerland and Spain has grown particularly quickly. International students from Germany have even come to represent the largest group of international students from any OECD country. While German emigrants experience less favourable labour market outcomes than their peers in Germany, the emigrants work disproportionately often in high-skill occupations. Survey evidence suggests that many Germans in Germany consider emigration and that many German emigrants are open to return. Those who have returned in recent years, however, appear to have a lower educational attainment than those leaving.
